Antibodies defend cells from bacteria and viruses by neutralizing pathogens' biological effects. Antibodies that neutralize SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, are important tools in treating or even preventing the disease. Researchers have identified a tiny component of an antibody that neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 by blocking its capacity to bind to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor.
SARS-CoV-2 exploits the ACE2 receptor to gain entry into cells. A specific region of the virus called a spike protein binds to a cell’s ACE2 receptor, and the virus injects its genetic material – RNA – into the cytosol. Once inside, the virus hijacks the body’s natural replicating processes to promote viral reproduction.
The researchers identified the component, called Ab8, from a library of 100 billion potential candidates. They conducted in vitro and animal studies to confirm its effectiveness and used electron microscopy to determine how Ab8 worked.
They found that Ab8 completely neutralized SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in mice and hamsters. The authors of the study speculated that Ab8’s small size might facilitate its delivery as an inhaled or intradermal drug. These findings demonstrate that Ab8 shows promise as a therapeutic and preventive drug against COVID-19.
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