Although epidemiological and observational data support the role of nutrition in maintaining cognitive health in aging, establishing which components of a diet support brain health is difficult and error-prone when relying on food intake surveys and biomarker studies. A recent metabolomics study identified specific dietary components associated with either preventing or promoting cognitive decline.

Metabolomics is an emerging field of study that involves the measurement of all metabolites – the intermediate or end products of metabolism – in a biological specimen. Many metabolites are produced when food is digested and further metabolized by gut microbes.

The investigators analyzed food-related and microbiota-derived metabolites in the blood of more than 800 adults living in two distinct regions of France. The participants completed a battery of neuropsychological tests and provided information about their overall health.

The investigators found that plant-based food metabolites (from cocoa, coffee, mushrooms, and red wine) and microbiota-derived metabolites (from microbial metabolism of polyphenol-rich apples, cocoa, green tea, blueberries, oranges, and pomegranates) appeared to exert a protective effect against cognitive decline. Conversely, metabolites derived from caffeine, alcohol, and artificial sweeteners appeared to promote cognitive decline.

These findings suggest that specific plant-based dietary components protect against cognitive decline and support the rationale for a plant-rich diet. Some evidence suggests that a ketogenic diet promotes cognitive function and protects the brain against cognitive decline. Learn how to incorporate fiber-rich plant-based foods into a ketogenic diet in this clip featuring Dr. Dominic D'Agostino.

• View full publication.