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DNA Damage

Episodes

Posted on March 15th 2024 (about 1 year)

In this solo episode, I'm taking an in-depth look at magnesium – a critical yet frequently underestimated mineral in our health.

Posted on August 23rd 2022 (over 2 years)

Dr. George Church discusses revolutionary technologies in the field of genetic engineering.

Posted on May 22nd 2022 (almost 3 years)

In this clip, Drs. Levine and Patrick discuss the epigenetic changes that occur with age, including methylation of CpG sites.

Topic Pages

  • Epigenetic aging clocks

    Epigenetic clocks are predictors of biological age based on alterations in an individual's DNA methylation profile.

  • NAD+

    NAD+ is a cofactor that plays an essential role in metabolism, DNA repair, and immunity. Its depletion accelerates aging.

  • Nicotinamide mononucleotide

    Nicotinamide mononucleotide is a precursor of NAD+, a coenzyme necessary for cellular energy production and DNA repair. It is available as a supplement.

News & Publications

  • Working night shifts may increase the risk of cancer by disrupting the production of melatonin, a hormone essential for DNA repair. This disruption can impair the body’s ability to repair oxidative DNA damage, potentially contributing to cancer development. A recent study found that melatonin supplementation could improve the repair of oxidative DNA damage in night shift workers.

    The researchers conducted a four-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial with 40 night shift workers, providing them a 3-milligram dose of melatonin before their daytime sleep periods. They collected urine samples during daytime sleep and nighttime work periods, measuring 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), a marker of DNA repair capacity.

    They found that melatonin supplementation nearly doubled 8-OH-dG excretion during daytime sleep, indicating improved DNA repair. However, they observed no difference in 8-OH-dG excretion during the night shift. Although the melatonin group experienced a slight decrease in wakefulness after falling asleep, the researchers found no differences in total sleep duration or sleepiness levels between the two groups.

    The findings from this small study suggest that melatonin supplementation enhances oxidative DNA repair in night shift workers, offering the potential for reducing cancer risk. More extensive studies may identify optimal dosages and the long-term effects of melatonin supplementation in this population. Learn about the pros and cons of melatonin supplementation in this clip featuring Dr. Satchin Panda.

  • Cellular DNA is subject to tens of thousands of injuries each day that arise from both endogenous sources, such as free radicals produced during normal metabolism, and exogenous sources, such as cytotoxic drugs, ionizing radiation, and cigarette smoke, among others. DNA damage induces genomic instability, a hallmark of aging. Evidence from a 2020 study suggests that omega-3 fatty acids protect against DNA damage.

    The study involved 140 healthy children and adolescents (aged 9 to 13 years). Researchers assessed the children’s body measurements and collected blood samples to measure nutritional status (particularly the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA, retinol, beta-carotene, and riboflavin) and DNA damage.

    They found that a higher intake of the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA was associated with less DNA damage. These findings held true even after considering other factors that influence DNA integrity, such as the children’s age, sex, body mass index, and others. The authors posited that the DNA-protective effects of EPA and DHA may be related to their capacity to resolve inflammation, a consequence of DNA damage.

    These findings suggest that omega-3s reduce DNA damage in children. [Learn more about omega-3s in our overview article.](LINK)

  • Semi-supercentenarians and supercentenarians – people who live to the age of 105 years and beyond – personify healthy aging, having avoided the diseases and concomitant disabilities that many adults experience, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and cognitive decline. Genetics play key roles in longevity and healthy aging. Findings from a recent study indicate that semi-supercentenarians and supercentenarians have unique genetic profiles characterized by highly efficient DNA repair mechanisms.

    DNA repair is a cellular defense mechanism that helps maintain genomic integrity. Research had identified five DNA repair pathways, which are active throughout the varied stages of the cell cycle. Failure of these pathways contributes to genomic instability, a hallmark of many chronic diseases.

    The study involved 81 semi-supercentenarians (105 years or older) and supercentenarians (110 years or older) who were matched with 36 healthy adults (average age, 68 years) living in the same regions of Italy. Using blood samples collected from the participants, the investigators conducted whole-genome sequencing to identify genetic differences between the two groups and to create a risk score for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. They compared their findings with those of a similar recent study.

    The authors of the study identified five genetic variants among the participants, some of which are involved in DNA repair, mitochondrial function, and elimination of reactive oxygen species – a driver of inflammation. The participants also had fewer naturally occurring mutations, potentially conferring a protective effect against many chronic diseases. They replicated their findings in the other study.

    These data suggest that people who live longer, healthier lives share similar genetic profiles that provide protection against many chronic diseases and promote healthy aging. Learn more about healthy aging in this episode featuring aging expert Dr. Judith Campisi.